Analysis of the spillover characteristics of cooling effect in an urban park: A case study in Zhengzhou city

Urban parks include water bodies, non-hardened ground, and a variety of vegetation, whose shading evaporation effects form “park cold island.” A park effectively cools the surrounding environment through heat exchange. This phenomenon is called spillover cooling effect (PCS) plays an important role in regulating microclimate cities. Although PCS was extensively documented previous studies, landscape features on still need to be further explored, especially China with rapid urban expansion. The severe scarcity land resources heightens necessity clarify relationship between patch size efficiency. Therefore, this study, we chose Zhengzhou city (the capital Henan province, central region China) as example, which has experienced expansion population high spatiotemporal aggregation heatwaves–drought–rainstorms. We used Landsat 8 imagery score data summer 2019 retrieve characteristics surface temperature (LST), then extracted 36 identified distance (PCS D ), strength S rate R 11 indexes. calculated area threshold when achieves highest efficiency, each also were quantified. results showed that average LST 2.3°C lower than entire study area; 4.61°C at maximum; 31 370 m, value 179 m; 0.957°C/100 m. For indexes, found (AREA), green space (AREA g perimeter (PERIM) contributed most PCS. Shape impervious (LSI i ) percentage body (P w significantly ratio (PARA), edge density (ED), (ED (PD) negatively correlated PCS, result 6–8 ha internal not less 5–6 effect. can expand our scientific understanding influences provide basis for formulating reasonable effective spatial layout planning cope island